The UPSC Civil Services Examination is one of the most prestigious and competitive exams in India. It is conducted in three stages: Preliminary Examination (Prelims), Main Examination (Mains), and the Personality Test (Interview). Each stage is designed to test a candidate’s knowledge, analytical abilities, writing skills, and personality. Let’s take a closer look at each stage of the exam.
Stage 1: Preliminary Examination (Prelims)
The Prelims is the first stage and acts as a screening test. It consists of two objective-type papers, each carrying negative marking for wrong answers.
1. General Studies Paper I
- Total Marks: 200
- Duration: 2 hours
- Syllabus: Includes topics like Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment, Science & Technology, and Current Affairs.
This paper is crucial as its marks are considered for selection to the Mains exam. Candidates must score above the cut-off to proceed to the next stage.
2. General Studies Paper II (CSAT)
- Total Marks: 200
- Duration: 2 hours
- Syllabus: Tests comprehension, logical reasoning, analytical ability, and basic numerical aptitude.
Although Paper II is qualifying in nature (i.e., candidates need to score only 33%), it’s essential to pass it to move to the next stage.
Stage 2: Main Examination (Mains)
The Main Exam is a written test and consists of nine papers, which are descriptive in nature. Out of these, seven papers are considered for ranking, and the remaining two are qualifying papers.
1. Paper A: Compulsory Indian Language
- Total Marks: 300
- Duration: 3 hours
- Syllabus: Candidates need to choose one of the Indian languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
This is a qualifying paper and candidates must secure at least 25% marks.
2. Paper B: English Language
- Total Marks: 300
- Duration: 3 hours
Like Paper A, this is also a qualifying paper, requiring at least 25% marks.
3. Paper I: Essay
- Total Marks: 250
- Duration: 3 hours
- Syllabus: Candidates must write two essays on topics of national or international relevance. The essay should reflect clarity of thought and logical argumentation.
4. Paper II: General Studies I
- Total Marks: 250
- Duration: 3 hours
- Syllabus: Covers Indian Heritage, History, Geography, and Society. Topics range from world history to Indian freedom struggle and social issues.
5. Paper III: General Studies II
- Total Marks: 250
- Duration: 3 hours
- Syllabus: Includes Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations. This paper tests a candidate’s understanding of public policies, government schemes, and global issues.
6. Paper IV: General Studies III
- Total Marks: 250
- Duration: 3 hours
- Syllabus: Covers Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management. It focuses on current challenges in areas like science and technology, economic growth, and national security.
7. Paper V: General Studies IV
- Total Marks: 250
- Duration: 3 hours
- Syllabus: This paper focuses on Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude. It tests a candidate’s moral compass, ethical decision-making, and attitude towards issues like corruption, transparency, and accountability.
8. Paper VI & Paper VII: Optional Subject Papers I & II
- Total Marks: 250 each (500 total)
- Duration: 3 hours each
- Syllabus: Candidates can choose one optional subject from a list provided by UPSC. Each optional subject has two papers, and topics range from literature, history, geography, and public administration, among others.
Stage 3: Personality Test (Interview)
After clearing the Mains exam, candidates are called for the Personality Test or Interview. The interview board consists of experts who evaluate a candidate’s personality traits, leadership qualities, and overall suitability for a career in civil services.
1. Total Marks: 275
2. Duration: 30 to 45 minutes
3. Focus: The interview tests a candidate’s mental alertness, balance of judgment, intellectual capability, moral integrity, and communication skills. The questions can range from current affairs to personal experiences, testing not just knowledge, but the candidate’s views on social issues and problem-solving abilities.
UPSC Marking Scheme
The total marks for the Main Examination and the Personality Test are as follows:
- Mains (written): 1750 marks
- Personality Test (Interview): 275 marks
- Total Marks: 2025 marks
The final merit list is based on the combined marks of Mains and the Interview. Candidates who secure the highest marks are offered various posts like IAS, IPS, IFS, etc., based on their rank and preferences.
Tips for Success in UPSC
- Understand the Syllabus: The vast UPSC syllabus requires a clear understanding and planning of subjects.
- Make a Study Plan: Divide your time effectively between different subjects and current affairs.
- Practice Answer Writing: The Mains exam is descriptive, so practice writing clear and concise answers within a time limit.
- Stay Updated with Current Affairs: Read newspapers daily and make notes of significant events for both Prelims and Mains.
- Mock Interviews: To prepare for the interview, participate in mock sessions and get feedback on your presentation skills.
Conclusion
The UPSC exam pattern is comprehensive and tests candidates on various skills, from objective knowledge in Prelims to analytical writing in Mains, and interpersonal skills in the Interview. Proper planning, consistent preparation, and revision are essential to crack this exam and secure a prestigious position in India’s civil services.
